PJB-2023-541
Phenolic composition, antioxidant activity and antimicrobial attributes of Eremostachys vicaryi Benth. ex Hook f. from Soon valley, Salt range, Pakistan
Amin Shah, Gulfam Shahzad, Muhammad Nadeem, Sarvat Rahim, Muhammad Kabir, Asif Abbas Shah, Javaria Nargis and Nuzhat Rasul
Abstract
The research work was carried out to study the phenolic composition, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Eremostachys vicaryi (E. vicaryi) by using aqueous and ethanol extracts. The flavonoid content of the extracts varied significantly due to the utilization of two distinct extraction approaches, namely sun-drying and shade-drying. The ethanol extracts obtained from sun-dried samples had a significantly greater flavonoid content of 634.568±2.14 mg/100g CE, whereas the ethanol extracts from shade-dried samples had a lesser content of 253.926±35.30 mg/100g CE. The aqueous extracts obtained from samples that were dried in the sun and in the shade showed flavonoid content values of 148.148±3.70 mg/100g CE and 188.889±3.70 mg/100g CE respectively. The aqueous shade-dried extracts had the highest recorded phenolic content of 1554.00±1.00 mg/100g GAE, while the ethanol sun-dried extracts had the least recorded phenolic content of 401.00±1.00 mg/100g GAE. The antioxidant activity exhibited variation, with the maximum recorded value of 2776.22±2.70 µg/100g AAE reported in aqueous sun-dried extracts and the lowest recorded value of 2093.33±5.63 µg/100g AAE in aqueous shade-dried extracts. Both polar and non-polar extracts were used on four (gram-positive and gram- negative (2 each) bacterial and four fungal strains to determine antimicrobial activity. The maximum antibacterial activity was observed in chloroform extracts, zone of inhibition (ZI) valued at 26±1 mm against Staphylococcus aureus and the minimum was observed in aqueous extracts, ZI 8.57 mm against Psedomonas aeruginosa. ZI against fungal strains was the maximum for methanol extracts 24±2.51 mm against Aspergillus niger and the minimum was for petroleum ether extracts ZI 8±1.52mm against Aspergillus oryzae. This study revealed that E. vicaryi from Soon Valley of Salt Range, Punjab Pakistan, exhibited a high phenolic profile, significant antioxidant properties and notable antimicrobial activity. These investigations highlighted the plant's potential as a valuable source of natural antioxidants and antimicrobial agents, suggesting its use in pharmaceutical and health supplement applications. Subsequent studies may focus on the identification and extraction of compounds responsible for antimicrobial activity
To Cite this article:
Shah, A., G. Shahzad, M. Nadeem, S. Rahim, M. Kabir, A.A. Shah, J. Nargis and N. Rasul. 2025. Phenolic composition, antioxidant activity and antimicrobial attributes of Eremostachys vicaryi Benth. ex Hook f. from Soon valley, Salt range, Pakistan. Pak. J. Bot., 57(1): DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.30848/PJB2025-1(18)
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