POLLEN FLORA OF PAKISTAN-XXXVII. TAMARICACEAE
ABSTRACT:
Pollen morphology of 35 taxa of the family Tamaricaceae from Pakistan has been examined by light and scanning electron microscope. Pollen grains usually radially symmetrical, isopolar prolate-subprolate, rarely prolate-spheroidal, colpate Sexine thinner or thicker than nexine. Tectum reticulate to reticulate – rugulate or foveolate or areolate. On the basis of tectum and relative thickness of sexine and nexine three distinct pollen types are recognized viz., Myricaria squamosa - type, Reaumuria alternifolia -- type and Tamarix aphylla – type. Pollen of the genus Tamarix are divided two groups viz., columellae present inside the luminae and luminae without columellae. Playnological data has been useful at generic and specific level.

POLLEN FLORA OF PAKISTAN – XXXVIII. PLANTAGINACEAE
ABSTRACT:
Pollen morphology of 14 Plantago species of the family Plantaginaceae from Pakistan have been examined by light and scanning electron microscope. Plantaginaceae is a stenopalynous family. Pollen grains are generally free, radially symmetrical, apolar, porate. Shape of pollen grains are spheroidal. Sexine thicker or thinner than nexine. Tectum areolate or scabrare. The pollen morphology of the family Plantaginaceae is significantly helpful at specific level. On the basis of exine ornamentation 2 distinct pollen types viz., Plantago - major and Plantago - ovata-type are recognized.

SEED STORAGE PROTEIN ELECTROPHORESIS IN GROUNDNUT FOR EVALUATING GENETIC DIVERSITY
ABSTRACT:
One hundred and fifty one accessions of groundnut representing five continents were evaluated for total seed protein by SDS-PAGE using slab type gel electrophoresis with 11.25 % polyacrylamide gel. Five major bands were recorded and most of the accessions were similar and only 8 differed for one band. Due to low genetic diversity for SDS-PAGE

INTERVARIETAL DIFFERENCES IN NITROGEN CONTENT AND NITRATE ASSIMILATION IN WHEAT (TRITICUM AESTIVUM L.) UNDER SALT STRESS
ABSTRACT:
Effect of five NaCl salinity treatments (0, 50

ECOLOGICAL FACTORS AFFECTING PARTS OF VEGETATION IN NORTH IRAN (ELIKA AND DUNA WATERSHEDS) BY EMPLOYING ECO-PHYTOSOCIOLOGICAL METHOD
ABSTRACT:
To determine ecological factors that affect vegetation of north Iran, the eco-phytosociological method with emphasis on physiognomic-floristic-ecologic criteria have been employed and the existing endogenous milieus were identified. In next stage, the placements of releves in any endogenous milieus were determined at random. The minimal area in each releve was determined on area-species method. The concerned floristic-ecologic data of each releve was entered in the forms related to releves, by concerning Braun-Blanquet’s Composition Coefficients A-D and S. The data analysis was performed by using Anaphyto Software in F.C.A. and A.H.C. Method. After placing the ecological factors on the multiplex coordinate axes obtained from F.C.A. and comparing the axes together, the results were analyzed and interpreted and the ecological factors that affect the vegetation of the region were determined as the principal, determinant and differential ecological factors. These results showed that the factors of soil moisture, soil pH, OM%, OC%, slope degree and altitude from sea level of the region were the principal ecological factors. The factors of moisture, texture, pH, EC, OM%, OC%, percentage of the lime of soil as well as the altitude and exposition showed to be the determinant ecological factors. The factors of moisture, pH, EC, OM%, OC%, percentage of the lime of soil and exposition were effective as the differential ecological factors.

INFLUENCE OF SEED COAT TREATMENTS ON GERMINATION AND EARLY SEEDLING GROWTH OF LUPINUS VARIUS L.
ABSTRACT:
The seed coat treatments (mechanical scarification, boiling seeds for 4, 6, 8 and 10 minutes and scarifying in concentrated sulfuric acid for 4, 8

PATH COEFFICIENT ANALYSIS IN CHICKPEA (CICER ARIETINUM L.) UNDER RAINFED CONDITIONS
ABSTRACT:
Variability, heritability, genetic advance, correlation coefficients and path coefficients for yield and its components were conducted in 24 advance lines of chickpea. High heritability with low genetic advance of days to flowering, days to maturity and 100 seed weight indicated the influence of dominant and epistatic genes for these traits. High heritability of secondary branches and biological yield coupled with high genetic advance revealed that additive gene effects are important in determining these characters. Grain yield had positive and significant correlation with plant height, pods per plant

PERFORMANCE OF PROMISING SUGARCANE CLONE FOR YIELD AND QUALITY TRAITS IN DIFFERENT ECOLOGICAL ZONES OF SINDH
ABSTRACT:
A new sugarcane clone AEC86-347, was obtained from seed (fuzz), of a cross combination of NCo 310 x CP57-614, imported from ARS, USDA, Canal Point, Florida, USA. The genotype was evaluated for the stability of its performance for economic characters at six different locations in the Province of Sindh for the two consecutive years. Significant (P£0.01) differences were observed in genotypes and locations x genotypes interactions for the three traits i.e., cane yield, commercial cane sugar and sugar yield. This phenomenon indicates the presence of genetic variability amongst the genotypes and their differential response to varying environments. High mean performance of AEC86-347 with ‘b’ values more than 1.00 for cane yield, sugar yield and CCS (%) indicated its potential to take advantage of favourable environmental conditions for yield under different locations.

TOWARDS A SEEDLESS CULTIVAR OF KINNOW MANDARIN VII. NATURAL AND INDUCED VARIABILITY
ABSTRACT:
Plants were made from natural and induced variability to improve the Kinnow plant and especially the fruit quality. There are differences among fruits in developed and undeveloped seed number and so are differences in various tissue grafting responses. Nine % selected material did not sprout even after several months of grafts and ultimately died. One third of the grafts did not work may be because of nature of selected mutated tissue, incompatibility of tissue to rough lemon etc. Around half of the grafts showed leaf abscission under stress. The successful growing clones in the field will be tried for their fruit characteristics and selected clones will be multiplied and released as cultivars. Five clones proved to be low seeded with 0 – 6 seeds per fruit. About 80% of Kinnow nucellus has plant regeneration responses. The plants developed from nucellar calli, radiation and 8-hydroxy quinoline were developed. The sprouts selected from different vegetative characteristics branches were grafted on rough lemon to study induced mutations and for selection of quality fruit.

MORPHOLOGICAL AND ANATOMICAL STUDIES ON TWO ENDEMIC CROCUS SPECIES OF TURKEY AREA
ABSTRACT:
Morphological and anatomical characteristics of Crocus danfordiae Maw and C. fleischeri Gay which are endemic to small areas of Turkey were investigated. C. fleischeri has flowers with stained purple at base and on tube, C. danfordiae has anthers with black basal lobes at it’s base. These properties are characteristics for the investigated species. In anatomical studies, cross section of C. danfordiae and C. fleischeri root, stem and leaf parts were examined and demonstrated.

SUMMER PHYTOPLANKTON COMPOSITION IN THE NERITIC WATERS OF THE SEA OF MARMARA
ABSTRACT:
Summer phytoplankton species were investigated in the Sea of Marmara between 1993-1995. The samples were collected in the months of June-August from the subsurface (0.5 m) with a 55 µm net at 52 stations. A total of 102 phytoplankton species were identified. Of these

INSECT HERBIVORY IN POLLUTED MANGROVES OF THE INDUS DELTA
ABSTRACT:
The study deals with estimation of insect herbivory on the attached leaves of the grey mangrove Avicennia marina (Forsk.) Vierh., in a highly polluted habitat of the Indus Delta. A greater proportion of the leaves was affected by herbivory in varying degrees of consumption by insects and mostly less than 20% of the leaf area was consumed. A vertical zonation of herbivory was observed with an increasing trend from upper to lower canopy. The overall estimate of herbivory in mangroves revealed that insects consumed as much as 22% of the foliage with an average value of 14.38 ± 4.37%.

CHARACTERIZATION OF FIVE MARINE CYANOBACTERIAL SPECIES WITH RESPECT TO THEIR pH AND SALINITY REQUIREMENTS
ABSTRACT:
Cyanobacteria a rich source for many useful natural products are used as feed and fertilizer. Optimum condition for their mass culture was evaluated. Here we characterize five marine cyanobacterial species isolated from different niches at Buleji, a rocky shore near Karachi and describe their pH and salinity requirements. Growth rates were determined at three pH values (6.5, 7.4 & 8.0) and four salinity values (5

ISOLATION AND BIOCHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF ENTEROCIN ESF100 PRODUCED BY ENTEROCOCCUS FAECALIS ESF100 ISOLATED FROM A PATIENT SUFFERING FROM URINARY TRACT INFECTION
ABSTRACT:
Enterococcus faecalis ESF100 has been found to produce antibacterial substance known as enterocin ESF100. The inhibitory activity could not be related to organic acids, bacteriophages and hydrogen peroxide. It has a broad-spectrum activity against many Gram+ve bacteria but less active against Gram-ve bacteria. It could be stored at 4oC for 2 months without loss of activity and remained stable at 60, 80

COMPETITIVENESS OF INTRODUCED RHIZOBIUM STRAINS FOR NODULATION IN FODDER LEGUMES
ABSTRACT:
Rhizobial strains were isolated from the root nodules of Medicago sativa (alfalfa) and Trifolium subterraneum (clover) plants. These strains were tested for their growth rate, morphological characteristics and utilization of different carbon sources. Four out of six strains isolated from the alfalfa plants re-nodulated the host plant confirming them as the strains of Rhizobium meliloti. Similarly five out of eight strains isolated from clover plants caused infection on clover corroborated as Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. trifolii strains. The nitrogen fixing ability of these strains ranged from 266 - 673 n moles of C2H4 produced h-1g-1 nodule dry weight. The competitive ability of inoculated strains with indigenous population was studied with two local soils selected on the basis of their cropping history in a pot experiment. The isolated strains MS4 and TS1 were found to be most effective and competitive for alfalfa and clover respectively. Overall recovery of the inoculated strains was 30% for alfalfa and 100% for clover as determined by fluorescent antibody technique. MS4 and TS1 are potent strains for the production of biofertilizer for fodder legumes.

A QUALITATIVE STUDY OF THE NODULATING ABILITY OF LEGUMES OF PAKISTAN-LIST 6
ABSTRACT:
Nodulation was studied in 31 species belonging to 24 genera distributed in 18 tribes of subfamilies Caesalpinioideae, Mimosoideae and Papilionoideae from Balochistan. Of these Caesalpinia gilliesii (Hook) Dietr., Delonix regia (Bojer) Rafin., Cercis siliquastrum Linn., and Ebenus stellata Boiss., were found as non-nodulators whereas Senna holosericea of Caesalpinioideae, Caragana ambigua and Onobrychis dealbata of Papilionoideae have been reported as nodulators for the first time. The nodulation status of Ebenus stellata as non- nodulator is also being reported for the first time. Nodule colour, shape and frequency of the nodulated species is described.

ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICAITON OF YEAST FLORA FROM SOIL OF KARACHI, PAKISTAN
ABSTRACT:
On the basis of morphological and physiological/biochemical characteristics, 4 genera and 5 species of yeasts were isolated and identified from cultivated soil and 16 species belonging to 12 genera from garden soil. The identified yeast species included anamorphic and teleomorphic Ascomycetes and Basidiomycetes which have not hitherto been reported from Pakistan.

PATHOGENICITY OF LASIODIPLODIA THEOBROMAE AND FUSARIUM SOLANI ON MANGO
ABSTRACT:
Mango plantations in different areas of Sindh were found to suffer from a decline disease showing symptoms of drying of branches from the tip accompanied with a heavy exudation of yellowish-brown gum from stem and its branches and browning of vascular tissues. Under severe conditions, the disease results in death of the plant. There was an invariable association of Lasiodiplodia theobromae with aerial as well as underground parts. Fusarium solani was mostly isolated from root but very rarely from the stem. Inoculation of healthy plants with L. theobromae either alone or in combination with F. solani produced typical symptoms whereas F. solani failed to produce these symptoms.

SEED-BORNE MYCOFLORA OF CAPSICUM ANNUUM IMPORTED FROM INDIA
ABSTRACT:
Using standard blotter and deep-freezing techniques, seed-borne mycoflora of 40 samples from consignments of Capsicum annuum L. (red chillies var. Dhora, imported from India) was studied. Of the 47 fungal species Absidia corymbifera, Acremonium fusidioides, Aspergillus tamarii, Blakeslea sp., Cephaliophora irregularis, Cladosporium accacicola, Scopulariopsis sp., Streptomyces sp., Tritirachium sp., and Ulocladium tuberculatum have been not reported before from seeds as well as pericarp of C. annuum.

SEED BORNE MYCOFLORA OF GROUNDNUT
ABSTRACT:
Using blotter, agar plate and deep freezing method as recommended by ISTA, the seed borne mycoflora of 12 groundnut seed samples collected from different localities of Pakistan was examined. Of the 14 genera and 28 species of fungi isolated

OBSERVATIONS ON THE GENERA CEROTELIUM, MELAMPSORIDIUM AND PILEOLARIA (UREDİNALES) IN TURKEY
ABSTRACT:
Rust fungi viz., Cerotelium fici on Ficus carica, Melampsoridium betulinum on Betula pendula and M. carpini on Carpinus betulus are and reports from Turkey. Species Pileolaria terebinthi (on Pistacia terebinthus) is poorly known in the Near East and the Anatolian peninsula. These species have been collected in Turkey and short descriptions are given.

REASSESSMENT OF SPHAEROPSIS UNDULATA BERK. & CURT.
ABSTRACT:
During an examination of the type specimen of Sphaeropsis undulata Berk. & Curt., No. 560 at the Mycological Herbarium, Kew Garden, it was found that S. undulata Berk. & Curt., actually belongs to Lasiodiplodia Ell. & Everh. The strait nature of conidia is diagnostic and this name precedes Botryodiplodia theobromae (Pat.) Griff & Maubl. Therefore a new combination Lasiodiplodia undulata (Berk. & Curt.) Abbas, Sutton, Ghaffar & Abbas is proposed. Specimen No. 30, on dead bark recorded by Berkeley & Broome (1873) as Sphaeropsis undulata Berk. & Curt., belongs to Phaeodomus, therefore a new species Phaeodomus berkeley Abbas, Sutton, Ghaffar & Abbas sp. nov., is proposed. Specimen No. 648 belongs to Cytosphaera since type studies of Haplosporella maniliensis Sacc., H. syconophila Sacc., Dothiorella stratosa Sacc., Sphaeropsis undulata Berk. & Curt., No. 648 studied by Berk. & Broom from Ceylon, Cytosphaera eucalyptii Sharma and description of H. cesatii Sacc., shows that these taxa are conspecific with Cytosphaera mangifera. Therefore earliest epithet is taken up and a new combination Cytosphaera cesatii is proposed.