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Synthesis, characterization, and biological evaluation of silver nanoparticles using Aspergillus tamarii from Fagonia indica
Abstract
The manipulation of materials at the 1–100 nanometer (nm) scale is known as nanotechnology, and it has revolutionized several fields, including catalysis, environmental research, and medicine. When compared to traditional techniques, green nanotechnology, which produces nanoparticles using microbial extracts, offers a cost-effective and eco-friendly replacement. Due to its potential use in medicine, silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs), which are known for their antibacterial properties, have garnered a lot of attention. This research investigates the biogenesis of Ag-NPs with Aspergillus tamarii (A. tamarii) obtained from Fagonia indica and assesses their antibacterial properties. UV-Vis spectroscopy revealed an absorption peak at 417 nm, confirming the production of Ag-NPs. FT-IR analysis confirmed the presence of functional groups involved in reducing and stabilizing Ag-NPs, while scanning electron microscopy (SEM) displayed oval and spherical nanoparticles averaging approximately 15.4 nm in size. Zeta potential assessment revealed a negative charge (-16.1 mV), which aids in their stability. The Ag-NPs demonstrated potent antibacterial effects, especially against Bacillus subtilis, achieving a peak inhibition zone of 40 ± 0.5 mm at a concentration of 5 mg/mL. Additionally, biological activities were evaluated, including antioxidant activity, total flavonoid content (TFC), and total phenolic content (TPC). Promising results were obtained from biocompatibility testing such as hemolytic assays and brine shrimp lethality assessments. This study demonstrates that the biosynthesized Ag-NPs are as effective as traditional materials used in pharmacological studies and could be used in future biotherapies and diagnosis.
