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Ecology of an upland forest near nowshera , NWFP, Pakistan
Abstract
The lower valley slopes were dominated by arboreal vegetation , the middle by tall shrub and the top exposed slopes by grasses . the vegetation comprises of olea ferruginea , monotheca buxifolia , acacia modesta , dodonaea viscosa and cymbopogon jwarancuso, the first time 3 species constituting the tree layer and the last 2 the field layer. O. ferruginea and M.buxifolia occupied the deep soil, . a modesta in habted the hot eroded sites, D. viscosa was rather uniformly distributed except the top slopes but was more adapted to exposed and warm habitats

